what is a 3 inch bore cannon considered to be 5 or 6 pounds

Naval gun

3-inch/fifty caliber gun (Mk 22)
Marker 22 three"/50 cal gun
Type	Naval gun
Place of origin	United states
Service history
In service	1890-1994 (United states of america Navy)
Used by	U.s. Navy
Product history
Designed	Mark 2: 1898 Marking 22: 1944
Produced	1900 –
Variants	Marks 2, iii, 5, 6, 8, x, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22
Specifications
Mass	Marking 2: ii,086 pounds (946 kg) (with breech) Mark 21: 1,760 pounds (800 kg)
Length	Mark 2: 153.8 inches (3.91 m) Mark 21: 159.7 inches (4.06 m)
Barrel length	Marker 2: 150 inches (380 cm) diameter (50 calibres) Mark 21: 150.iii inches (382 cm) bore (50 calibres)
Beat	complete round: 24 lb (11 kg); projectile weight: 13 lb (v.9 kg) projectile types: AP, AA (with VT proximity fuze), HE, Illumination[1]
Caliber	iii-inch (76 mm)
Height	Pedestal Mount: -10° to +15° AA Mount: -x° to +85°
Traverse	360°
Rate of fire	15 – 20 rounds per minute
Muzzle velocity	two,700 ft/s (820 m/southward)
Maximum firing range	xiv,600 yd (thirteen,400 m) at 43° elevation 30,400 ft (ix,300 k) AA ceiling
Sights	Peep-site and Optical telescope

The 3"/l quotient gun (spoken "iii-inch 50-caliber") in U.s. naval gun terminology indicates the gun fired a projectile 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter, and the butt was fifty calibers long (barrel length is iii in × 50 = 150 in or 3.8 thousand). Different guns (identified past Mark numbers) of this caliber were used by the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard from 1890 through the 1990s on a diverseness of combatant and ship ship classes.^[2]

The gun is nevertheless in use with the Spanish Navy on Serviola-class patrol boats.

Early depression-angle guns [edit]

USSPivot firing its frontwards 3"/l quotient gun.

The US Navy's first 3"/50 caliber gun (Mark 2) was an early model with a projectile velocity of ii,100 anxiety (640 m) per second. Low-angle (single-purpose/non-anti-aircraft) mountings for this gun had a range of 7000 yards at the maximum elevation of 15 degrees. The gun entered service effectually 1900 with the Bainbridge-class destroyers, and was also fitted to Connecticut-class battleships. Past World War II these guns were constitute simply on a few Declension Guard cutters and Defensively Equipped Merchant Ships.^[3]

Low-bending iii"/50 quotient guns (Marks three, v, vi, and xix) were originally mounted on ships built from the early 1900s through the early 1920s and were carried past submarines, auxiliaries, and merchant ships during the Second World War. These guns fired the same 2,700-pes-per-second (820 m/s) ammunition used by the following dual-purpose Marks, but with range limited past the maximum elevation of the mounting. These were built-up guns with a tube, partial-length jacket, hoop and vertical sliding breech block.^[3]

Dual-purpose guns of the World Wars [edit]

Dual-purpose iii"/50 quotient guns (Marks 10, 17, 18, and xx) showtime entered service in 1915 every bit a refit to USSTexas(BB-35), and were subsequently mounted on many types of ships as the demand for anti-shipping protection was recognized. During World War II, they were the chief gun armament on destroyer escorts, patrol frigates, submarine chasers, minesweepers, some fleet submarines, and other auxiliary vessels, and were used as a secondary dual-purpose battery on some other types of ships, including some older battleships. They as well replaced the original low-angle four"/50 quotient guns (Marking 9) on "flush-deck" Wickes and Clemson-grade destroyers to provide meliorate anti-aircraft protection. The gun was likewise used on specialist destroyer conversions; the "AVD" seaplane tender conversions received two guns; the "APD" high-speed transports, "DM" minelayers, and "DMS" minesweeper conversions received 3 guns, and those retaining destroyer classification received six.^[4]

These dual-purpose guns were "quick-firing", meaning that they used fixed ammunition, with pulverisation case and projectile permanently attached, and handled every bit a single unit of measurement weighing 34 pounds (every bit opposed to older guns and/or heavier guns, in which the vanquish and powder are handled and loaded separately, which reduces the weight of each handled component, just slows the loading process). The shells alone weighed well-nigh xiii pounds including an explosive bursting charge of 0.81 pounds for anti-aircraft (AA) rounds or 1.27 pounds for High Capacity (HC) rounds, the remainder of the weight beingness the steel casing. Maximum range was 14,600 yards at 45 degrees elevation and ceiling was 29,800 feet (9,100 k) at 85 degrees elevation. Useful life expectancy was 4300 effective full charges (EFC) per barrel.^[5]

Submarine deck guns [edit]

The 3"/fifty quotient gun Marks 17 and xviii was first used every bit a submarine deck gun on R-class submarines launched in 1918–1919. At the fourth dimension information technology was an improvement on the earlier 3"/23 quotient gun.^[6] After using larger guns on many other submarines, the 3"/50 quotient gun Mark 21 was specified equally the standard deck gun on the Porpoise- through Gato-class submarines launched in 1935–1942. The small-scale gun was chosen to remove the temptation to engage enemy escort vessels on the surface.^[7] The gun was initially mounted aft of the conning tower to reduce submerged drag, just early in Globe War II it was shifted to a frontward position at the commanding officer's option. Wartime experience showed that larger guns were needed. This need was initially met by transferring four"/l caliber guns from S-class submarines equally they were shifted from combat to training roles beginning in tardily 1942. Later, the v"/25 caliber gun, initially removed from battleships sunk or damaged in the attack on Pearl Harbor and later manufactured in a submarine version, became standard.^[8]

Cold War anti-aircraft gun [edit]

When it was found that multiple hits from Oerlikon twenty mm cannon and Bofors 40 mm guns were unable to forbid kamikaze strikes during the terminal year of the 2nd World State of war, the 3"/50 was adopted as a replacement for these weapons.

The 3"/l caliber gun (Mark 22) was a semiautomatic anti-aircraft weapon with a ability-driven automatic loader and were fitted every bit unmarried and twin mounts. The single was to be exchanged for a twin 40 mm antiaircraft gun and the twin for a quadruple 40 mm mount, on Essex-course shipping carriers, and Allen M. Sumner and Gearing-class destroyers. Although intended as a one-for-one replacement for the 40 mm mounts, the new 3-inch (76 mm) mounts were heavier than expected and on most ships, the mounts could only exist replaced on a 2-for-iii footing. The mounts were of the dual purpose, open up-base of operations-ring blazon and the right and left gun assemblies were identical. The mounts used a common power bulldoze that could train at a charge per unit of 30 degrees/second and elevate from fifteen degrees to 85 degrees at a charge per unit of 24 degrees/second. The cannon was fed automatically from an on-mount mag which was replenished past two loaders on each side of the cannon.^[9]

With proximity fuze and fire-control radar, a twin 3"/l mount firing l rounds per minute per barrel was considered more effective than a quad Bofors 40 mm gun against subsonic aircraft,^[10] but relatively ineffective against supersonic jets and cruise missiles. Destroyers that were modernized during the Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization (FRAM) programme of the 1960s had their 3-inch (76 mm) guns removed. Experimentation with an extended range variant (3"/lxx Marker 26 gun) was abased as shipboard surface-to-air missiles were adult. The United States Navy considered gimmicky 5"/38 quotient guns and 5"/54 caliber Marking 42 guns more effective confronting surface targets. In 1992, the 3"/l caliber principal bombardment on USCGCStoris was removed and was supposedly the last 3"/50 quotient gun in service aboard any United states of america warship although U.s. Navy Charleston-class amphibious cargo ships retained their forward mounts until USSEl Paso(LKA-117) was decommissioned in 1994.^{[ citation needed ]} The gun is however in service on warships of the Philippine Navy.

The 17 Asheville-grade gunboats mounted a single 3"/50 Mk 34 equally their chief armament.

Ships mounting iii"/50 caliber guns [edit]

World War I [edit]

• Bainbridge-class destroyers
• Chester-form cruisers
• Connecticut-class battleships
• Indiana-class battleships
• Mississippi-class battleships
• Nevada-course battleships
• New York-class battleships
• Paulding-form destroyers
• Pennsylvania-class battleships
• Pennsylvania-class cruisers
• R-class submarines
• St. Louis-class cruisers
• Smith-class destroyers
• South Carolina-class battleships
• Tennessee-class cruisers
• Truxtun-class destroyers
• Virginia-class battleships

World War Two [edit]

• Admirable-class minesweepers
• Buckley-course destroyer escorts
• Cachalot-class submarines
• Cannon-grade destroyer escorts
• Doyen-course attack transport
• Edsall-class destroyer escorts
• Evarts-class destroyer escorts
• Gato-class submarines
• Mackerel-grade submarines
• Omaha-class cruisers
• Porpoise-class submarines
• Salmon-class submarines
• Sargo-grade submarines
• Tacoma-course frigates
• Tambor-class submarines
• Treasury-course cutters

Post–Earth War Ii [edit]

Gallery [edit]

See also [edit]

Notes [edit]

1. ^ All of the Juneau-class cruisers were planned for refit, but only Juneau was converted.^[12]
2. ^ The Farragut class is sometimes referred to equally Coontz-class, because the fourth ship of the class—USS Coontz, designed ordered as a guided missile destroyer variant—was completed first.

Footnotes [edit]

1. ^ DiGiulian, 3"/fifty Marks 2–eight; DiGiulian, 3"/50 Marks 10–22; DiGiulian, iii"/50 Marks 27–34.
2. ^ DiGiulian, three"/l Marks 2–eight; DiGiulian, 3"/50 Marks 27–34.
3. ^ ^{a b} Campbell 1985, p. 146.
4. ^ Silverstone 1968, pp. 112, 212, 215, 276, 303.
5. ^ Campbell 1985, p. 145.
6. ^ Gardiner & Greyness 1985, p. 130.
7. ^ Friedman 1995, p. 193.
8. ^ Friedman 1995, pp. 214–219.
9. ^ Brinkloe, W. D. (April 1955). "The Pouncer Challenges the Sub". Popular Mechanics. pp. 88–93. Retrieved 7 December 2020. See p. 90.
10. ^ Photographic Study: The New Rapid Fire Naval Guns: iii"l and 8"55. U.Southward. Navy, Naval Photographic Center. c. 1949. 8:41 minutes in. Archived from the original on 2021-eleven-17. Retrieved 7 December 2020 – via YouTube user 'usssalemca139'. YouTube title: USS Salem Rapid Fire Guns
11. ^ ^{a b c d e} Albrecht 1969, p. 324.
12. ^ Friedman 1984, p. 242.
13. ^ ^{a b} Blackman 1970, p. 493.
14. ^ ^{a b} Blackman 1970, p. 497.
15. ^ Blackman 1970, p. 521.
16. ^ Blackman 1970, p. 495.
17. ^ Albrecht 1969, pp. 322–3.
18. ^ Blackman 1970, p. 490.
19. ^ Blackman 1970, p. 456.
20. ^ Blackman 1970, p. 457.
21. ^ ^{a b} Blackman 1970, p. 499.
22. ^ Albrecht 1969, p. 327.
23. ^ ^{a b} Blackman 1970, p. 519.
24. ^ Albrecht 1969, p. 320.
25. ^ ^{a b} Friedman 1983, p. 221.
26. ^ Albrecht 1969, p. 325.
27. ^ ^{a b c} Blackman 1970, p. 520.
28. ^ Blackman 1970, p. 492.
29. ^ ^{a b} Blackman 1970, p. 518.
30. ^ Blackman 1970, p. 498.
31. ^ Blackman 1970, p. 496.
32. ^ Blackman 1970, p. 522.
33. ^ Blackman 1970, p. 529.
34. ^ Blackman 1970, p. 523.
35. ^ Albrecht 1969, p. 323.

References [edit]

• Albrecht, Gerhard (1969). Weyer's Warships of the World 1969. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Plant Press.
• Blackman, Raymond V. B. (1970). Jane'southward Fighting Ships 1970-71. Jane's Yearbooks.
• Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of World War Two. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Printing. ISBN0-87021-459-four.
• DiGiulian, Tony (3 April 2020). "iii"/50 (7.62 cm) Marks 2, three, 5, 6 and viii". NavWeaps.com . Retrieved 7 December 2020.
• DiGiulian, Tony (fifteen June 2016). "3"/50 (vii.62 cm) Mark 10, 17, xviii, 19, 20, 21 and 22". NavWeaps.com . Retrieved 7 December 2020.
• DiGiulian, Tony (25 March 2019). "3"/50 (7.62 cm) Marks 27, 33 and 34". NavWeaps.com . Retrieved 7 December 2020.
• Friedman, Norman (1983). U.Southward. Aircraft Carriers: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Constitute Press. ISBN0-87021-739-ix.
• Friedman, Norman (1984). U.S. Cruisers: An Illustrated Blueprint History. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Printing. ISBN0-87021-718-half-dozen.
• Friedman, Norman (1995). U.Southward. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Pattern History. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Printing. ISBNi-55750-263-3.
• Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1906-1921. London: Conway Maritime Printing. ISBN0-85177-245-5.
• Grulich, Fred (2004). "Question 37/00: Effectiveness of Shipboard Anti-Aircraft Fire". Warship International. Vol. XLI, no. 1. International Naval Research Organisation. pp. 31–33. ISSN 0043-0374.
• Silverstone, Paul H. (1968). U.S. Warships of World War II. Doubleday and Company.

External links [edit]

• Related media at Wikimedia Commons:
  • 3"/50 caliber naval gun, Marks 2, 3, 5, 6, 8
  • 3"/50 caliber naval gun, Marks 10–22
  • iii"/50 caliber naval gun, Marks 27, 33, 34

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-inch/50-caliber_gun

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